Sacred Articles of the Sikh Faith
A comprehensive guide to understanding the Panj Kakaar
Introduction
The Five Ks (Panj Kakaar in Punjabi) are five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. They were established by Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the tenth Sikh Guru, on Vaisakhi (April 13) in 1699 when he created the Khalsa, the community of initiated Sikhs.
Each of the Five Ks begins with the letter “K” in Punjabi and serves both a spiritual and practical purpose. Together, they form an external identity that unites Sikhs worldwide and serves as a constant reminder of their commitment to their faith.
Kesh (Uncut Hair)
Sikhs maintain all body hair in its natural state as an expression of living in harmony with God’s will (Hukam).
- Represents acceptance of the body as divinely created
- Creates visible identity and accountability
- Cared for daily and covered with a turban (dastar)
The Turban: While not one of the Five Ks, the turban honors Kesh and represents sovereignty, equality, and self-respect.
Kangha (Wooden Comb)
A small wooden comb worn in the hair at all times.
- – Represents discipline and cleanliness of body and mind
- – Used twice daily while reciting prayers
- – Symbolizes bringing order to one’s life
Kara (Steel Bracelet)
A simple steel bracelet worn on the wrist.
- – Circular shape represents eternal bond with God
- – Reminder to act righteously (worn on dominant hand)
- – Steel (not gold/silver) reflects humility and strength
Kachera (Cotton Undergarment)
A cotton undergarment tied with a drawstring.
- – Represents self-control and modesty
- – Practical design symbolizes readiness to serve
- – Worn at all times
Kirpan (Ceremonial Sword)
A sword worn in a sheath across the body.
- – Represents duty to protect the innocent and oppressed
- – Kirpan” means “instrument of mercy and honor”
- – Religious article, not a weapon – used only as last resort in defense
The Birth of the Khalsa
On Vaisakhi 1699, Guru Gobind Singh Ji gathered Sikhs at Anandpur Sahib (in present-day Punjab, India). He asked who was willing to give their head for their faith. Five men, later known as the Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones), stepped forward from different castes and regions.
Guru Gobind Singh Ji initiated them into the Khalsa through the Amrit ceremony (baptism) and gave them the Five Ks. He then asked them to initiate him, establishing the revolutionary principle that the Guru and his Sikhs were equals.
Why the Five Ks?
- Create visible identity – Sikhs would be recognizable and accountable
- Unite across divisions – Same appearance regardless of caste or background
- Prepare for service – Practical articles ready for action
- Provide spiritual reminders – Constant connection to faith
- Foster discipline – Daily commitment builds spiritual strength
Common Questions
Do all Sikhs keep the Five Ks? Baptized Sikhs (Amritdhari) are committed to all five. Many others maintain some as part of their faith journey.
Is the Kirpan a weapon? No. It’s a religious symbol of the duty to protect others. Sikhs are taught the greatest battles are internal – against ego, anger, greed, attachment, and pride.
Do women keep the Five Ks? Yes. All five articles apply equally to men and women who take Amrit.
Glossary
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Panj Kakaar | The Five Ks |
| Khalsa | Community of initiated Sikhs |
| Amrit | Baptism ceremony |
| Dastar | Turban |
| Waheguru | God |
| Hukam | Divine will |
| Panj Pyare | The Five Beloved Ones |
| Vaisakhi | Sikh new year; anniversary of the Khalsa |
